List of shipwrecks in April 1915
Appearance
The list of shipwrecks in 1915 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during April 1915.
April 1915 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | ||
Unknown date | ||||||
References |
1 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Gloxinia | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was stopped and scuttled in the North Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) north east by east of the mouth of the River Tyne by SM U-10 ( Imperial German Navy).[1] |
Jason | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was stopped and scuttled in the North Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) north east by east of the mouth of the River Tyne (55°27′N 0°25′W / 55.450°N 0.417°W) by SM U-10 ( Imperial German Navy).[2] |
Nellie | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was stopped and scuttled in the North Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) north east by east of the mouth of the River Tyne (55°33′N 0°19′W / 55.550°N 0.317°W) by SM U-10 ( Imperial German Navy).[3] |
Seven Seas | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel six nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) south of Beachy Head, Sussex by SM U-37 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of nine of her seventeen crew. Survivors were rescued by a Royal Navy destroyer.[4][5][6] |
2 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Greenbriar | United States | World War I: The steamer was sunk by a mine in the North Sea off Amrum, North Frisian Islands.[7][8] |
Lochwood | United Kingdom | World War I: The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) south west of Start Point, Devon by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[6][9][10] |
Parquerette | France | World War I: The barquentine was scuttled in the English Channel 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) north of Cap d'Antifer, Pas-de-Calais (50°20′N 0°16′E / 50.333°N 0.267°E) by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[11] |
3 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Childwall | United Kingdom | The cargo ship collided with Trinculo ( United Kingdom) in the Bristol Channel off Lundy Island, Devon and sank. Her crew were rescued by Trinculo.[12] |
Douro | Portugal | World War I: The cargo ship was reported to have been torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew survived.[13] |
Edward Luckenbach | United States | The tug was wrecked on a reef off False Cape, North Carolina.[14] |
Mecidiye | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The Mecidiye-class cruiser struck a mine and sank in the Gulf of Odessa.[15] She was later salvaged by the Russians and entered service with the Imperial Russian Navy as Prut.[16] |
Unknown barges | United States | The two barges broke loose from their tow ship, Cumberland ( United States), off the Cape Henlopen Light in a severe gale and heavy seas and went ashore and broke up, with the loss of ten crew.[17] |
4 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
City of Bremen | United Kingdom | World War I: The collier was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 20 nautical miles (37 km) south by west of the Wolf Rock, Cornwall by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of four of her seventeen crew. The survivors were rescued by Fanny ( United Kingdom).[18][19] |
Flora | Netherlands | The cargo ship was driven ashore six nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) west of Hartland Point, Devon, United Kingdom and was a total loss. Her crew were rescued.[12] |
Hermes | Russia | World War I: The sailing ship was sunk in the English Channel 35 nautical miles (65 km) south of St. Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight United Kingdom (50°17′N 0°55′W / 50.283°N 0.917°W) by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy).[20] |
Olivine | United Kingdom | World War I: The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 30 nautical miles (56 km) south of St. Catherine's Point (50°26′N 1°12′W / 50.433°N 1.200°W) by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[6][21] |
Ruth | United States | The barge went ashore on Revere Beach, Boston, Massachusetts. Later salvaged.[22] |
5 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Acantha | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 25 nautical miles (46 km; 29 mi) east by north of the Longstone Lighthouse (55°41′N 1°00′W / 55.683°N 1.000°W) by SM U-10 ( Imperial German Navy).[23] Her thirteen crew were rescued by Tord ( Sweden).[24][25] |
Coleraine | United States | The schooner barge went ashore at North Truro, Massachusetts after breaking from her tow Mars ( United States). Later stripped and burned.[22][26] |
Manheim | United States | The schooner barge went ashore at North Truro, Massachusetts after breaking from her tow Mars ( United States). Later salvaged.[22][27] |
Northlands | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 24 nautical miles (44 km; 28 mi) south west of Beachy Head, Sussex (50°03′N 0°16′W / 50.050°N 0.267°W) by SM U-33 ( Imperial German Navy).[28] Her 24 crew were rescued by Topaz ( Belgium).[24] |
SMS T57 | Imperial German Navy | World War I: The S43-class torpedo boat struck a mine and sank in the Baltic Sea.[29] |
Tunnel Ridge | United States | The schooner barge went ashore at North Truro, Massachusetts after breaking from her tow Mars ( United States). Later stripped and burned.[22][27] |
6 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
The Josephine | United States | The lumber schooner was wrecked off the Kill Devil Hill Coast Guard Station, North Carolina.[30] |
7 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Zarina | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 72 nautical miles (133 km) north east by north of the Spurn Lightship ( United Kingdom) by a Kaiserliche Marine submarine with the loss of nine of her crew.[25] |
8 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Châteaubriand | France | World War I: The four-masted full-rigged ship was torpedoed and sunk in the English Channel 25 nautical miles (46 km) south east of Beachy Head, Sussex, United Kingdom by SM U-32 ( Imperial German Navy). Her 25 crew survived.[31][32] |
10 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Harpalyce | United Kingdom | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 7 nautical miles (13 km) off the Noord Hinder Lightship ( Netherlands) by SM UB-4 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of seventeen of her 44 crew. Survivors were rescued by Elizabeth ( Netherlands).[6][32][33] |
The President | United Kingdom | World War I: The coaster was stopped and scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) south by west of The Lizard, Cornwall by SM U-24 ( Imperial German Navy).[34] Her ten crew were rescued by the fishing smack Pencaer ( United Kingdom).[35] |
11 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMS Wayfarer | Royal Navy | World War I: The armed merchant cruiser was torpedoed and sunk with the loss of five of the 189 people on board.[36] |
12 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Kit Carson | United States | The schooner broke up after going ashore near Narragansett Pier, Rhode Island.[37] |
14 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Folke | Sweden | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea (57°55′N 0°30′E / 57.917°N 0.500°E) by SM U-6 ( Imperial German Navy).[38] No casualties.[39] |
Katwijk | Netherlands | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea six nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) west of the Noord Hinder Lightship ( Netherlands) by SM UB-10 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[40] |
SMS Rubens | Imperial German Navy | World War I: Disguised as the Danish cargo ship Kronborg, the naval transport was scuttled by her crew in shallow water in Manza Bay, German East Africa, after being shelled by HMS Hyacinth ( Royal Navy).[41] |
Seminole | United States | The cargo ship ran aground and was wrecked 3 miles (4.8 km) from the entrance to Yuma Bay, Dominican Republic.[42][43] |
Vestland | Denmark | World War I: The cargo ship was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea off the north east of Scotland by SM U-6 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of all 27 crew.[44] |
15 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
George E. Klink | United States | The schooner went ashore on Tom Shoal, or Hawes Shoal, off Cape Poge, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts in heavy weather. The vessel was pulled off later that day by USCGC Acushnet ( United States Coast Guard).[22][45] |
Guernsey | United Kingdom | The cargo ship was wrecked near Cap de la Hague, France.[46] |
Ptarmigan | United Kingdom | World War I: The coaster was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 6 nautical miles (11 km) west by north of the Noordhinder Lightship ( Netherlands) by SM UB-5 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of five crew.[6][47] |
Roger Drury | United States | The schooner went ashore on Tom Shoal, or Hawes Shoal, off Cape Poge, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts in heavy weather. The vessel was pulled off on 17 April by wrecking tugs.[22][45] |
16 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Demirhisar | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The Demirhisar-class torpedo boat was run aground and wrecked on Chios in the Aegean Sea to prevent capture by British warships. |
HMS E15 | Royal Navy | World War I: The E-class submarine ran aground at Kepez, Çanakkale, Ottoman Empire. She was scuttled on 18 April. |
Eglantine | United Kingdom | The cargo ship ran aground at Filey, Yorkshire and was a total loss. Her crew were rescued.[48] |
Manie Saunders | United States | The schooner went ashore on Fishers Island, New York. Refloated and returned to service.[37] |
17 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Demir Kapı | Ottoman Navy | World War I: The torpedo boat was run ashore on Chios, Greece following a battle with Allied cruisers with the loss of one of her 34 crew. The survivors were interned on Chios.[49] |
Ellispontos | Greece | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea off the Noord Hinder Lightship ( Netherlands) (51°52′N 3°00′E / 51.867°N 3.000°E) by SM UB-4 ( Imperial German Navy).[50] |
18 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Vanilla | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea 53 nautical miles (98 km) east by south of the Inner Dowsing Lightship ( United Kingdom) by a Kaiserliche Marine submarine with the loss of nine of her crew.[25] |
19 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMT Rhodesia | Royal Navy | The naval trawler was lost on this date.[51] |
Tweed | United Kingdom | The cargo ship ran aground at Sea Mills, Gloucestershire. She was refloated but then sank in the River Avon whilst being taken to Bristol.[52] |
Vanilla | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was reported to have been torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine with the loss of all hands.[53][54] |
20 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Highland Queen | United States | The small schooner was lost in the Shumagin Islands in the Territory of Alaska.[55] |
Merwede | United Kingdom | The dredger sank at Rosyth, Ayrshire.[52] |
21 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Ruth | Sweden | World War I: The coaster was sunk in the North Sea 100 nautical miles (190 km) east of the Isle of May, Fife, United Kingdom by SM U-22 ( Imperial German Navy).[56] |
S21 | Imperial German Navy | The V1-class destroyer collided with the light cruiser SMS Hamburg ( Imperial German Navy) and sank in the North Sea with the loss of 36 of her crew.[29] |
22 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Eva | Norway | World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the North Sea 170 nautical miles (310 km) north east of the Longstone Lighthouse (56°31′N 3°03′E / 56.517°N 3.050°E) by SM U-38 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[57] |
Oscar | Norway | World War I: The sailing vessel was sunk in the North Sea south west of Lindesnes, Lister og Mandal county, norway (56°31′N 3°03′E / 56.517°N 3.050°E) by SM U-38 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[58] |
St. Lawrence | United Kingdom | World War I: The fishing vessel was scuttled in the North Sea 88 nautical miles (163 km) east of the Spurn Lightship ( United Kingdom) (54°14′N 3°02′E / 54.233°N 3.033°E) by SM U-22 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two of her crew.[25][59] |
23 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Fråck | Russia | World War I: The coaster was scuttled in the Baltic Sea off the Flöttjan Lighthouse (59°51′N 19°36′E / 59.850°N 19.600°E) by SM U-26 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[60] |
26 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Centric | Sweden | World War I: The cargo ship, en route from Immingham to Gävle, sank in the Baltic Sea after having struck a mine. No casualties.[61] |
Recolo | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler struck a mine and sank in the North Sea 60 nautical miles (110 km) east by north of Spurn Point, Yorkshire with the loss of two of her crew. At least seven survivors were rescued by the trawler Sebastian ( United Kingdom).[25][62] |
27 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMT Balmedie | Royal Navy | The naval trawler collided with another vessel and sank in the Dardanelles.[63] |
Léon Gambetta | French Navy | World War I: The Léon Gambetta-class cruiser was sunk in the Mediterranean Sea off Santa Maria di Leuca, Apulia, Italy (39°30′N 18°15′E / 39.500°N 18.250°E) by SM U-4 ( Austro-Hungarian Navy) with the loss of 684 of her 821 crew. |
28 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Fuki Maru | Japan | The cargo ship collided with Daichi Mari ( Japan) in the Yellow Sea off Hichihatsuto Island, Korea and sank with the loss of 30 of her crew.[64] |
Lilydale | United Kingdom | World War I: The trawler was stopped and scuttled in the North Sea 37 nautical miles (69 km) east of St. Abb's Head, Berwickshire by SM U-10 ( Imperial German Navy).[65] |
Mobile | United Kingdom | World War I: The collier was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 25 nautical miles (46 km) north west of the Butt of Lewis, Outer Hebrides by SM U-30 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[6][51][66] |
29 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMAS AE2 | Royal Australian Navy | World War I: Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign: The E-class submarine was scuttled in the Dardanelles following battle damage. |
Cherbury | United Kingdom | World War I: The collier was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 27 nautical miles (50 km) west north west of Eagle Island, County Fermanagh by SM U-30 ( Imperial German Navy). Her 29 crew survived.[10][67][68] |
River Clyde | United Kingdom | World War I: Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign: The landing ship was beached near Gallipoli, Ottoman Empire and was abandoned. She was subsequently looted by the Ottomans. Subsequently refloated; she was sold and repaired in 1920, entering Spanish service as Angela.[69] |
30 April
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Elida | Sweden | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the North Sea 190 nautical miles (350 km) east of the Farne Islands, United Kingdom (56°29′N 3°16′E / 56.483°N 3.267°E) by SM U-38 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[70] |
Fulgent | United Kingdom | World War I: The collier was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 45 nautical miles (83 km) north west of the Skellig Islands, County Kerry by SM U-30 ( Imperial German Navy) with the loss of two of her crew.[6][71] |
Laila | Norway | World War I: The coaster was sunk in the North Sea (56°51′N 3°09′E / 56.850°N 3.150°E) by SM U-35 ( Imperial German Navy). Her crew survived.[72] |
Svorono | Russia | World War I: The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean 14 nautical miles (26 km) west of the Blasket Islands, County Kerry by SM U-30 ( Imperial German Navy).[73] |
SM U-37 | Imperial German Navy | World War I: The Type U 31 submarine struck a mine and sank in the English Channel (51°04′N 1°48′W / 51.067°N 1.800°W). |
Unknown date
[edit]Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Politkofsky | United States | The cedar-hulled vessel was pounded to pieces by the surf on the beach at St. Michael, Territory of Alaska, during a storm.[74] |
References
[edit]- ^ "Gloxinia". Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "Jason". Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "Nellie". Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "Seven Seas". Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ "Two vessels torpedoed". The Times. No. 40818. London. 2 April 1915. col E, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e f g "British Merchant Ships Lost to Enemy Action Part 1 of 3 – Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order". Naval History. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
- ^ "U.S. Merchant Ships, Sailing Vessels, and Fishing Craft Lost from all Causes during World War I". usmm.org. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Greenbrier (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
- ^ "Lochwood". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ "Parquerette". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ a b "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 40820. London. 5 April 1915. col D, p. 10.
- ^ "Portuguese ship sunk". The Times. No. 40825. London. 10 April 1915. col C, p. 5.
- ^ "Edward Luckenbach (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ^ "Turkish cruiser sunk". The Times. No. 40820. London. 5 April 1915. col B, p. 5.
- ^ "Turkish or Ottoman Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
- ^ "Annual Report of the supervising Inspector of the United States Steam boat Inspection Service, June 30, 1915". Government Printing Office, Washington. Retrieved 21 February 2021 – via Haithi Trust.
- ^ "City of Bremen". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ "No warning given". The Times. No. 40821. London. 6 April 1915. col B, p. 5.
- ^ "Hermes". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ "Olivine". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f "Records of the T. A. Scott co". mysticseaport.org. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ "Acantha". Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ a b "The last blast". The Times. No. 40822. London. 7 April 1915. col E, p. 5.
- ^ a b c d e "British Fishing Vessels Lost to Enemy Action Part 1 of 2 – Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order". Naval History. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ "Coleraine (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Tunnel Ridge (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ "Northlands". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ a b "Major Warships Sunk in World War 1 1915". World War I. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
- ^ "The Josephine (+1915)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Chateaubriand". Uboat.net. Retrieved 30 September 2012.
- ^ a b "German submarine activity". The Times. No. 40826. London. 12 April 1915. col E, p. 5.
- ^ "Harpalyce". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ "The President". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ "Chase of The President". The Times. No. 40827. London. 13 April 1915. col B, p. 10.
- ^ "The Wayfarer". The Times. No. 40866. London. 28 May 1915. col F, p. 5.
- ^ a b "Records of the T. A. Scott co". mysticseaport.org. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- ^ "Folke". Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
- ^ Swedish Board of Trade: ”Svenska handelsflottans krigsförluster 1914–1920” (Swedish Merchant Marine War losses 1914–1920), Stockholm 1921, p 180-1
- ^ "Katwijk". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ "SS Kronborg (ex-Rubens)(+1915)". Wrecksite. Adelante EBVBA, Affligem. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ "Clyde Line / Clyde-Mallory Line". theshipslist.com. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Seminole (+1894)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Vestland". Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
- ^ a b "George E. Klinck – Schooner". Southwest Harbor Public Library. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ Dendy Marshall, C. F.; Kidner, R. W. (1963) [1937]. A History of the Southern Railway. Vol. 1. Ian Allan. p. 151.
- ^ "Ptarmigan". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ "Casualty reports". The Times. No. 40831. London. 17 April 1915. col A, p. 17.
- ^ "The pursuit of the raider". The Times. No. 40832. London. 19 April 1915. col C, p. 8.
- ^ "Ellispontos". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ a b "Marine insurance market". The Times. No. 40834. London. 21 April 1915. col B, p. 16.
- ^ "German excuse for sea outrage". The Times. No. 40834. London. 21 April 1915. col D, p. 8.
- ^ "The fleets at sea". The Times. No. 40837. London. 24 April 1915. col A, p. 6.
- ^ "Alaska Shipwrecks (H) – Alaska Shipwrecks". alaskashipwreck.com.
- ^ "Ruth". Uboat.net. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
- ^ "Eva". Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ "Oscar". Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ "St. Lawrence". Uboat.net. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
- ^ "Fråck". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ Swedish Board of Trade: ”Svenska handelsflottans krigsförluster 1914–1920” (Swedish Merchant Marine War losses 1914–1920), Stockholm 1921, p 182
- ^ "Another fishing vessel destroyed". The Times. No. 40840. London. 28 April 1915. col D, p. 5.
- ^ "Bamedie". Aberdeen City Council. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ^ "Marine insurance market". The Times. No. 40844. London. 3 May 1915. col F, p. 12.
- ^ "Lilydale". Uboat.net. Retrieved 26 September 2012.
- ^ "Mobile". Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- ^ "Cherbury". Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- ^ "Dogger Bank raids". The Times. No. 40847. London. 6 May 1915. col C, p. 5.
- ^ Jordan, Roger (1999). The World's Merchant Ships 1939. London: Chatham House. p. 354. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
- ^ "Elida". Uboat.net. Retrieved 4 October 2012.
- ^ "Fulgent". Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- ^ "Laila". Uboat.net. Retrieved 2 October 2012.
- ^ "Svorono". Uboat.net. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- ^ "Alaska Shipwrecks (P) – Alaska Shipwrecks". alaskashipwreck.com.